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"articleBody": "Until today, I thought the SysRq-Key (like the Scroll Lock Key) is one of the useless keys on a modern keyboard. Today I got asked if modern operating systems handle the startup triggered by a reboot different from a cold boot.\nWhile I didnt find an answer to the initial question(Wikipedia to the rescue) I stumbled upon this.\nBasically, the Linux kernel is permanently waiting for special key events. Whenever you press Alt + SysRq + B, your machine will immediately reboot. This is nice to know, but not really “save” as it doesnt gracefully stop the running programs and also doesnt finish writing to disk. So we have to tell the Kernel to do exactly this.\nThe Wikipedia mentions a nice acronym to remember the keystrokes.\n Reboot Even If System Utterly Broken\n Slowly pressing those keys together with Alt + SysRq will trigger the following events.\nR — will take keyboard control away from X.\nE — will send a so-called SIGTERM, this is the request the kernel sends whenever a program should stop gracefully. You could imagine this as a bouncer asking you to leave.\nI — will go one step further, it will send SIGKILL, this signal tells the process to just go away, imagine the bouncer violently throwing you out. This will close all processes which are hung up or refuse to shut down.\nS — will sync all data to disk. Now give it some seconds until you do the next step, to make sure it really wrote everything to disk.\nU — will remount all file-systems as read-only. Its not possible to unmount all file-systems while running, so this is the closest youll get.\nNow press B which forcefully and immediately reboots.\nIf all this didnt work, then either your kernel crashed (at which point your system is already shut down) or this feature is disabled in your current OS/Kernel release. If you want to enable it, have a look at the ArchWiki, its a great resource for Linux tutorials even if you dont use an ArchLinux derivative.\ntl; dr Pressing Alt + SysRq and then very slowly entering “REISUB” while still holding the Alt key will restart your system gracefully. If it doesnt work, either the kernel crashed or this functionality is disabled.\n",
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<a href="https://tobiasmanske.de">Home</a>&nbsp;»&nbsp;<a href="https://tobiasmanske.de/posts/">Posts</a>
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<h1 class="post-title">
Safely reboot a frozen Linux System - SysRq
</h1>
<div class="post-meta">February 18, 2018
</div>
</header>
<figure class="entry-cover"><img src="https://tobiasmanske.de/images/crashed.jpg" alt="">
</figure>
<div class="post-content">
<p>Until today, I thought the SysRq-Key (like the Scroll Lock Key) is one
of the useless keys on a modern keyboard. Today I got asked if modern
operating systems handle the startup triggered by a reboot different
from a cold boot.</p>
<p>While I <!-- raw HTML omitted -->didn&rsquo;t find an answer to the initial
question<!-- raw HTML omitted --> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reboot_(computing)#Cold_vs._warm_reboot">Wikipedia</a>
to the rescue) I stumbled upon
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_SysRq_key">this</a>.</p>
<p>Basically, the Linux kernel is permanently waiting for special key
events. Whenever you press Alt + SysRq + B, your machine will
immediately reboot. This is nice to know, but not really &ldquo;save&rdquo; as it
doesn&rsquo;t gracefully stop the running programs and also doesn&rsquo;t finish
writing to disk. So we have to tell the Kernel to do exactly this.</p>
<p>The Wikipedia mentions a nice acronym to remember the keystrokes.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>R</strong>eboot <strong>E</strong>ven <strong>I</strong>f <strong>S</strong>ystem <strong>U</strong>tterly <strong>B</strong>roken</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Slowly</strong> pressing those keys together with Alt + SysRq will trigger
the following events.</p>
<p>R — will take keyboard control away from X.</p>
<p>E — will send a so-called SIGTERM, this is the request the kernel
sends whenever a program should stop gracefully. You could imagine this
as a bouncer asking you to leave.</p>
<p>I — will go one step further, it will send SIGKILL, this signal tells
the process to just go away, imagine the bouncer violently throwing you
out. This will close all processes which are hung up or refuse to shut
down.</p>
<p>S — will sync all data to disk. Now give it some seconds until you do
the next step, to make sure it really wrote everything to disk.</p>
<p>U — will remount all file-systems as read-only. It&rsquo;s not possible to
unmount all file-systems while running, so this is the closest you&rsquo;ll
get.</p>
<p>Now press B which forcefully and immediately reboots.</p>
<p>If all this didn&rsquo;t work, then either your kernel crashed (at which point
your system is already shut down) or this feature is disabled in your
current OS/Kernel release. If you want to enable it, have a look at the
<a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Keyboard_shortcuts#Kernel">ArchWiki</a>,
it&rsquo;s a great resource for Linux tutorials even if you don&rsquo;t use an
ArchLinux derivative.</p>
<h2 id="tl-dr">tl; dr<a hidden class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#tl-dr">#</a></h2>
<p>Pressing Alt + SysRq and then very slowly entering &ldquo;REISUB&rdquo; while still
holding the Alt key will restart your system gracefully. If it doesn&rsquo;t
work, either the kernel crashed or this functionality is disabled.</p>
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