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<h1 class="post-title">
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Safely reboot a frozen Linux System - SysRq
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</h1>
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<div class="post-meta">
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February 18, 2018 · Tobias Manske
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<div class="post-content">
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<p>Until today, I thought the SysRq-Key (like the Scroll Lock Key) is one
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||
of the useless keys on a modern keyboard. Today I got asked if modern
|
||
operating systems handle the startup triggered by a reboot different
|
||
from a cold boot.</p>
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||
<p>While I <!-- raw HTML omitted -->didn’t find an answer to the initial
|
||
question<!-- raw HTML omitted --> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reboot_(computing)#Cold_vs._warm_reboot">Wikipedia</a>
|
||
to the rescue) I stumbled upon
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_SysRq_key">this</a>.</p>
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<p>Basically, the Linux kernel is permanently waiting for special key
|
||
events. Whenever you press Alt + SysRq + B, your machine will
|
||
immediately reboot. This is nice to know, but not really “save” as it
|
||
doesn’t gracefully stop the running programs and also doesn’t finish
|
||
writing to disk. So we have to tell the Kernel to do exactly this.</p>
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<p>The Wikipedia mentions a nice acronym to remember the keystrokes.</p>
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||
<blockquote>
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||
<p><strong>R</strong>eboot <strong>E</strong>ven <strong>I</strong>f <strong>S</strong>ystem <strong>U</strong>tterly <strong>B</strong>roken</p>
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||
</blockquote>
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||
<p><strong>Slowly</strong> pressing those keys together with Alt + SysRq will trigger
|
||
the following events.</p>
|
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<p>R — will take keyboard control away from X.</p>
|
||
<p>E — will send a so-called SIGTERM, this is the request the kernel
|
||
sends whenever a program should stop gracefully. You could imagine this
|
||
as a bouncer asking you to leave.</p>
|
||
<p>I — will go one step further, it will send SIGKILL, this signal tells
|
||
the process to just go away, imagine the bouncer violently throwing you
|
||
out. This will close all processes which are hung up or refuse to shut
|
||
down.</p>
|
||
<p>S — will sync all data to disk. Now give it some seconds until you do
|
||
the next step, to make sure it really wrote everything to disk.</p>
|
||
<p>U — will remount all file-systems as read-only. It’s not possible to
|
||
unmount all file-systems while running, so this is the closest you’ll
|
||
get.</p>
|
||
<p>Now press B which forcefully and immediately reboots.</p>
|
||
<p>If all this didn’t work, then either your kernel crashed (at which point
|
||
your system is already shut down) or this feature is disabled in your
|
||
current OS/Kernel release. If you want to enable it, have a look at the
|
||
<a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Keyboard_shortcuts#Kernel">ArchWiki</a>,
|
||
it’s a great resource for Linux tutorials even if you don’t use an
|
||
ArchLinux derivative.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="tl-dr">tl; dr<a hidden class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#tl-dr">#</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Pressing Alt + SysRq and then very slowly entering “REISUB” while still
|
||
holding the Alt key will restart your system gracefully. If it doesn’t
|
||
work, either the kernel crashed or this functionality is disabled.</p>
|
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